OECD Test Guideline 437: Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) Test
- True Three-Layer StructureAtheroVascTM replicates the intima, media, and adventitia closely mimicking native arterial walls.
- Comprehensive Disease FeaturesAtheroVascTM uniquely incorporates multiple hallmarks of atherosclerosis at different stages.
- Layer ControlSingle-, double-, or triple-layer customized constructs.
- Broad Drug EvaluationAtheroVascTM has been validated with conventional (statins, sirolimus), novel (curcumin, colchicine) candidates.
- Automatable, Multi-Well FormatAtheroVascTM is designed for high-throughput screening, allowing parallel drug candidate testing in standard 48- or 96-well plate formats 384-well plate formats in development.
- Reproducibility and RobustnessThe layer-by-layer fabrication method ensure consistent results and high replicative potential.
- Regulatory and Translational ValueAtheroVascTM’s ability to provide human-relevant data supports the pharmaceutical industry’s push for animal model alternatives and more predictive preclinical drug screening tools.
- Commercialization and InnovationLicensed by Endomimetics
3D Vascular Models for Atherosclerosis Research
Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, yet current models are limited by high costs, extended induction periods, and insufficient replication of human disease mechanisms. To address these challenges, we have developed an innovative in vitro model – tissue-engineered vascular sheets with atherosclerosis (VSA). This model faithfully recapitulates the native three-layered arterial structure and key disease features, including endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory macrophage infiltration, and foam cell formation.
A major strength of the VSA is its adaptability to multi-well plate formats for inflammation assays. This scalable platform enables robust, cost-effective, high-throughput screening, with a specific focus on evaluating the anti-inflammatory effects of potential therapeutics. By facilitating real-time monitoring and quantification of inflammatory responses, our inflammation assay is critical for rapidly identifying compounds that can mitigate the progression of atherosclerosis.
Model Feature
The stage-specific 3D AtheroVascTM Sheet Model is an advanced, physiologically relevant vascular platform engineered to replicate distinct stages of atherosclerosis progression using customizable two- or three-layer vascular structures.
Incorporating an ECM-mimicking nanomatrix within a 3D vascular sheet structure, this model offers a biomimetic environment ideal for drug response prediction, mechanistic studies, and the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies.Nanomatrix Vascular Sheet with Atherosclerosis (VSA) with three layer artery mimicking structure
The Vascular Sheet Model effectively recapitulates key pathological features of atherosclerosis through a biologically relevant, stage-specific design. This platform enables the observation of:
- Endothelial dysfunction, initiating vascular inflammation and atherogenesis.
- Monocyte recruitment in response to endothelial activation, mimicking early immune cell infiltration during atherogenesis.
- Macrophage differentiation, reflecting monocyte transition into pro-inflammatory states within the vascular wall.
- Foam cell formation, represent key pathological events in early-atherosclerotic plaque development.
Nanomatrix Vascular Sheet with Atherosclerosis (VSA) with three layer artery mimicking structure
3D AtheroVascTM DL Nanomatrix Overview
Incorporating an ECM-mimicking nanomatrix within a 3D vascular sheet structure, this model offers a biomimetic environment ideal for drug response prediction, mechanistic studies, and the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies.
3D AtheroVascTM DL Nanomatrix Sheet, replicates the tunica intima and tunica media, providing a robust platform for studying endothelial function, smooth muscle interactions, and atherosclerosis pathologies.
3D AtheroVascTM TL Nanomatrix Sheet incorporates an additional tunica adventitia layer, enabling researchers to explore complex multi-layered interactions and atherosclerotic processes.
These two series offer unparalleled versatility and physiological relevance, empowering researchers and pharmaceutical developers to target specific stages of vascular disease with precision.3D AtheroVascTM Sheet Model Overview
The 3D AtheroVascTM Sheet Models are being developed in two distinct series to address a wide range of research and therapeutic development needs.
3D AtheroVascTM DL Sheet, replicates the tunica intima and tunica media, providing a robust platform for studying endothelial function, smooth muscle interactions, and atherosclerosis pathologies.
3D AtheroVascTM TL Sheet, incorporates an additional tunica adventitia layer, enabling researchers to explore complex multi-layered interactions and atherosclerotic processes.
These two series offer unparalleled versatility and physiological relevance, empowering researchers and pharmaceutical developers to target specific stages of vascular disease with precision.Assay
Inflammation Assay
Assays in Development
Endothelial Dysfunction Assay
Monocyte Attachment Assay
Foam Cell Assay
ROS Assay
SMC Phenotype Assay
Toxicity Assay
Assay Service Type
The 3D AtheroVascTM Sheet Model provides a scientifically advanced platform for evaluating drug efficacy across distinct stages of atherosclerosis. By simulating inflammation at specific pathological states and treatment time points, our system enables targeted assessment of prevention, intervention, and therapeutic reversal strategies.
Assays based on Model 1-3 are categorized based on when the drug is applied—before, during, or after inflammatory stimuli—allowing precise, translational insights into therapeutic performance.Three Drug Treatment Method
Pre-treatment (Pre)
Drug administered before inflammatory stimuli.
Simultaneous (Sim)
Drug introduced concurrently with inflammatory triggers to evaluate immediate intervention potential during inflammation.
Post-treatment (Post)
Drug applied after inflammation has been initiated to determine its ability to reverse or mitigate ongoing inflammation.