Generation Process
We have developed cerebral organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) using advanced maturation technologies. Our optimized protocols support long-term culture and enhanced functional development, enabling extended studies on brain development, disease progression, and therapeutic response.
Cellular and Structural Similarity
Cerebral organoids effectively recapitulate the layered structure of the developing human cortex, including VZ, SVZ, IZ, CP, and MZ, enabling the study of neuronal differentiation, migration, and network formation. This makes them a valuable model for understanding neurodevelopment and brain function.
During human cortical development, the cerebral cortex is organized into five key layers
VZ (Ventricular Zone) – Contains neural stem cells and serves as the birthplace of neurons and glial cells.
SVZ (Subventricular Zone) – A region where neural progenitor cells differentiate and prepare for migration.
IZ (Intermediate Zone) – The migratory pathway for neurons, where axons and neural fibers are formed.
CP (Cortical Plate) – The region where mature neurons settle to form the cortical structure.
MZ (Marginal Zone) – The outermost layer of the cerebral cortex involved in neural circuit formation and signal modulation.
Structural characteristics of Cerebral organoids
Frequency analysis of electrical activities in cerebral organoids
Field Potential Analysis (MEA)
Mature brain organoids exhibit well-formed and connected neural networks, showing consistent electrical activity. The field potentials (FP) generated by the organoid are measured through the electrode array on the chip, capturing the electrical activity produced by the interactions between neural cells. These voltage changes occur when multiple neural cells are simultaneously activated. In mature organoids, it is typically observed that firing occurs naturally at a frequency of 0.1–1 Hz, reflecting the rhythmic activity of the neural network.
The FP data obtained through electrophysiological analysis provides valuable insights into the neural network activity of the organoid. The FP measured in the natural, untreated state reflects the organoid’s ability to generate electrical activity independently, providing evidence that it has formed a functional neural network. This data is essential for understanding how organoids can be used in neuroscience research, disease modeling, and neural network studies.
Modeling Brain Diseases with iPSC-Derived Organoids
We can generate organoid models of neurodegenerative diseases through three methods: creating brain disease organoids using iPSCs with regulated expression of specific genes or inducing brain disease organoids through drug treatment.
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) Models
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of brain tumor, characterized by rapid growth and resistance to treatment. It primarily occurs in the cerebral hemispheres and severely affects brain function. GBM tumors have poorly defined borders, exhibit active angiogenesis, and display a complex mixture of cell types. The main treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, but recurrence rates are high, and prognosis is generally poor.
Advance Drug Discovery with Smarter, Ethical Models.
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Frequently Asked Questions